Kashi na Daya
A yau, muna farin cikin fara kawo muku tarihin
babban matafiyin duniya, wanda yaga tudu yaga
kwari, ya kuma kwashe shekaru ashirin da hudu
yana ta fagafniya da yawace-yawace a sassan
duniya, sannan daga bisani ya rubuta taqaitaccen
tarihin tafiyar sa a wani littafi maisuna "RIHLA".
Kamar yadda hausawa ke cewa tafiya mabudin
ilimi, to haqiqa ta hanyar tafiye-tafiye, Imam ibn
Batuta ya tara dumbin ilimin da ayau sai an tara
dumujin farfesoshi ba'a samu rabin ilimin saba.
Cikakken sunan sa shine Abu Abdullahi
Muhammad Ibn Abdullahil Lawatit Tangi ibn
Battuta, amma yafi shahara da sunan Muhammad
ibn Battuta. An haifeshi a ranar 25 ga watan
fabrairu na shekarar 1304, a wani da ake kira
Tangier dake qasar Morocco a yanzu.
Ibn Battuta ya samu ilimin addinin islama a
qarqashin tsangayu masu bin mazhabar imamuna
Maliku, inda kuma a watan yuni na shekarar 1325
ibn Battuta ya kamu dason tafiya qasar Saudiyya
don yin aikin Hajji, alokacin kuwa yana da
shekaru 21 ne kachal da haihuwa. Allahu Akbar!
Abin mamakin shine, a wancan lokacin, dukkan
mai son risqar birnin Makkah daga garin Tangier,
sai ya shafe watanni goma sha shidda yana
yawo a dazuka da sahara sannan zai isa. Amma
hakan bai tsorata ibn batuta ba, hasali ma shi
kadai ya tattara 'yan komatsan sa yayi haramar
fara wannan gagarumar tafiya mai cike da
hadari. Ga abinda ya rubuta dangane da hakan a
farkon littafin RIHLA.
"Na fara tafiya ta ne ni kadai, bani da kowa
dake biye dani, babu wasu matafiya kuma da
nake bi. Ina tafiyar ne cikin zumdi da qwarin
guiwa, saboda tsananin son yin tafiyar ya cika
mini zuciya. Wannan kuma shine silar data sa na
dauki qaddarar rabuwa da masoyana na gida,
mazan su da matsan su kamar yadda tsuntsaye
ke barin sheqoqin su.
Iyayena sunyi matuqar
shaquwa dani, wandaa hakan ke nuna rabuwar
mu zan sanya damuwa a zukatan su. Hakika
kuma rabuwa dasu yayi matuqar sani damuwa,
amma haka nan na tsallakesu cikin jimami"
Sannu a hankali, ibn Batuta na tafiyar sa a dokar
daji, wani wurin ya tsallake ruwa, wani wurin
kuma ya kutsa kai cikin sahara har ya isa wani
gari mai suna Tlencan, anan ne kuma yaci karo
da wasu tarin matafiya wadanda wasunsu ke
maniyyata ne izuwa kasar Sa'udi Arabiya don
gudanar da aikin hajji.
Kun san a wancan lokaci,
tafiya mutum daya nada matuqar hadari saboda
dumbin ababen tsoro daka iya faruwa, kamar
misalin 'yan fashi da masau farautar bayi, ko
muggan dabbobin daji, shiyasa akanyi dabarar
hada gungu na matafiya, wanda za'a samu
sadaukai a ciki, wadanda zasu iya tarar duk wani
hatsari da zai iya fadowa.
Ibn Batuta, ya bayyana mana cewa acikin
wadannan matafiya, akwai wadanda suke haye
bisa dawakai, akwai na kan jakuna, harma dana
kan raquma. A gurin wasu mutanen , haduwa da
wannan ayari babbar ni'ima ce saboda tsira daga
sharrikan tafiya, amma a gurin Ibn Battuta, wata
kafa ya samu ta sanin abinda bai sani ba daga
wurin wadannan matafiya.
Ibn Battuta yace Ayarinsu ya dunguma bisa
hanya, tafiya akeyi babu qaqqautawa. Shikuma
matsar mutane yakeyi don jin labari, da koyon
ilimai.
A haka suka iso gavar kogin Algiers inda
akace yawan Ayarin ya qaru sabili da hadewar
wata tawagar matafiya da tasu, sannan suka
dunguma bisa hanya baki daya.
A wani gari mai suna Bijaya, Ibn Battuta ya kamu
da rashin lafiya.
Sai wasu abokan tafiyar sa suke
shawartar sa da ya sauka a wannan garin ya
huta.
In yaso idan ya samu lafiya sai ya nemi
wani Ayarin yacigaba da tafiya. Amma Ibn
Battuta yace sam haka bazata faru ba, shine ma
yake cewa "Idan har Allah Ta'ala ya qadarta
mutuwata, ina fatan ta sameni alhali ina bisa
hanya, fuskata tana fuskantar garin Makkah" don
haka sai aka kyaleshi aka cigaba da tafiya.
Bayan tafiya tayi tafiya ne, sai ayarin ya risqi
wani gari mai suna constantine, wanda yake
wani gari ne babba a wannan yanki.
Anan ne
akace Ibn Battuta ya samu damar ganawa da
gwamnan garin, harma gwamnan ya tausaya
masa ya bashi kyautar kudi da kuma kayan sawa
na masu kyau don ya sauya kayan dake jikinsa
wadanda sukayi cidin-cidin kuma suka yayyage.
Ibn Battuta yaji dadin wannan kyauta, kuma ya
bayyana kyautar a matsayin kyauta ta farko da
akayi masa a halin tafiyarsa.
Bayan sunyi hutu kadan a garin sai suka cigaba
da tafiya, anan ne kuma akace rashin lafiyar Ibn
Battuta ta qara yin tsamari, inda har saida takai
baya iya zama akan sirdi, sai da abokan tafiyar
sa sukayi dabarar daureshi da igiya yana bisa
doki don gudun fadowa sannan akaci gava da
tafiya sannu a hankali har suka risqi wani
hamshaqin gari mai suna Tunis.
A wannan lokaci
rashin lafiya ta galabaitar da ibn batuta sosai,
shine ma yake cewa "zuciyata ta cika tsananin
baqin ciki saboda ciwo da yake damuna. Idanuna
sun wanzu zubar da hawaye, na wanzu cikin
kadaici da bacin rai. A haka wani daga cikin
mahajjata ya fahimci halin da nake ciki, shine ya
tunkaro ni da gaisuwa gami da zantuka na
abokanta, ya wanzu yana rarrashina a haka har
muka shiga cikin garin"
A cikin garin ne kuma ibn Battuta ya bayyana
Tunis a matsayin qasaitaccen birni wanda yake
dauke da dogayen masallatai ginannu, da fadoji
na alfarma da kwalejojin ilimi gami da lambunan
shaqatawa masu kyau.
Ibn Battuta yace birnin
Tuniss gari ne wanda ya shahara a fannin al'adu
da malamai na fannonin ilimi.
Sannan kuma
gavar teku ce da akebi don daukar kayayyaki
misalin Bayi, hatsi, man zaitun, fata da alharini
daga Afirka ta yamma izuwa sassan duniya.
Ibn Battuta ya shafe watanni biyu a garin Tunis,
a wata makaranta, inda yayi jinya daga baya
kuma ya shiga fafutikar daukar darasi bayan ya
samu lafiya.
Daga qarshe, Ibn Battuta yabar Tunis yana cikin
wani Ayarin matafiya gagarumi wanda yake
dauke da sadaukai kala-kala na gwamnan garin
wadanda zasu basu kariya daga Mahara da
larabawa 'yan tawaye, sannan kuma Ibn battuta
ya samu tagomashi babba a wannan ayari, inda
har aka nada shi Alqalin ayarin duk kuwa da
kasancewar sa matashi mai qananun shekaru.
A cikin wannan halin tafiyar ne suka keta ta
kasar libya, suka fara yunkurin ketawa ta garin
Tripoli. A nan ne kuma Ibn Battuta ya nemi auren
'yar wani na hannun damar gwamnan Tunis
wanda shima yake haramar zuwa aikin hajji,
sannan kuma garin Tripoli aka gabatar masa da
budurwar tasa, amma kuma sai akace sabani ya
shiga a tsakanin ibn battuta da sirikin nasa
abinda yayi sanadiyyar warware maganar auren,
daga bisani Ibn battua ya nemi auren 'yar wani
Malami kuma mahajjaci dake cikin tawagar
wanda ya fito daga wani gari waishi Fez, wannan
mata kuma itace matar ibn Battuta ta farko.
Ibn Battuta yace sun bar garin Tripoli kadan, sai
sukaga qura ta turnuqe sama, wasu gungun
mahara 'yan ta'adda suna fuskanto su riqe da
muggan makamai.
Amma Ibn Battuta yace cikin
ikon Allah sai wannan runduna ta zagaye su ba
tare da anyi wani artabu ba. Daga nan kuma
basu qara cin karo da wani abu ba har suka isa
karshen gabashin kasashen larabawa, kimanin
tafiyar mil dubu kenan daga garin su Ibn Battuta
Tangier, wanda yayi dai-dai da watanninsa tara
rabonsa da gida, sannan kuma sauran sa watanni
takwas ya risqi kasar saudiyya, don haka sai yayi
shawarar leqawa garin Cairo (Alqahira) na qasar
egypt don yawon bude ido.
Ibn Battuta ya bayyana Alqahira a matsayin gari
mafi girma a duniya bayan qasar china a wancan
lokaci. Inda ya kimanta mazauna garin da cewa
adadinsu ya tasamma mutum dubu dari shidda.
Ya kuma ce garin shine mafi girma sama da duk
wani garin larabawa a duniya a wancan zamani.
Daga nan tawaga ta dora da tafiya, inda suka
sauka a wani qasaitaccen gari mai suna
Alekzandariya. Gari qayatacce wanda yake a
gavar teku inji Ibn Battuta.
A wannan shekara ta
1326 ne ibn Battuta ke samun tarihin cewa
Sarkin Alekzandariya asalin sa bawa ne wanda ya
kwace mulki daga hannun ubangijinsa tun
ashekarar 1260, sannan kuma yayi nasarar yaqi
da mongwalawa, wasu mayaqa wadanda suka
qwace garin bagadada da sauran garuruwan
musulunci.
Don haka a wancan lokacin, sarkin
Alekzandariya ke mulkin qasashen egypt dana
syria.
A garin alekzandariya Ibn Battuta yace ya hadu
da wasu manyan mutane guda biyu. Na farko
shine Imam Burhanuddin wanda yayi hasashen
cewar Ibn Battuta shine matafiyin duniya, har ma
yace masa "Na fahimci kana son yin tafiye-tafiye,
don haka ina ganin cewa zaka samu damar
ziyartar yanuwana fariduddin a indiya, da
Rukunuddin a birnin Sind da kuma Burhanuddin a
China. Dukkan su ka isar min da gaisuwa ta
agaresu". Daya mutumin kuwa sunan sa Imam
Murshidi, shine kuma wanda ya fassarawa Ibn
Battuta wani mafarki daya tava yi a garin, inda
Iman Murshidi ya sanar dashi cewar ma'anar
mafarkin shine Ibn Battutan zai zamo
shahararren matafiyin duniya...
Zamu Ci gaba Anjima Insha ALLAH
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