Friday 13 September 2024

Karanta Asalin Tarihin Kalandar Habasha/Ethiopia

Tura Wannan Zuwa Ga

'Yan Ethiopia na fara sabuwar shekararsu da cin abinci tare da iyalai daban-daban a lokaci guda, duk da matsananciyar rayuwar da ake fama da ita da tashin farashin kaya da yunwa da ta mamaye yankin arewaci.


Asalin Tarihin Kalandar Habasha/Ethiopia 
Hoto: Ewnra

MarubuciSaliadeen Sicey


Karanta ƙarin bayanai game da tsarin kalandarsu ta musamman da kuma al'adunsu.


1). Wata 13 ne ke yin shekara daya.


Ba wannan ba ma - kalandar Ethiopia tana bayan ta ƙasashen yamma da shekara bakwai da wata takwas, inda ranar Lahadi ta zama farkon shekarar 2015. Wannan ko ya biyo bayan ƙidayar shekarar haihuwar Annabi Isa da suke yi daban da na waɗannan ƙasashe. Lokacin da Cocin Katolika ta sauya ƙirgenta a shekarar 500 AD (bayan wafatin Annabi Isa), amma a lokacin Cocin Latolika ta Ethiopia ba ta sauya tata kalandar ba. Don haka shekarar ta faɗo a ranar 11 ga watan Satumba a kalandar ƙasashen Yamma, wannan daidai da lokacin bazara kenan


Yaran Ethiopia ba irin na ko'ina ba ne, domin kuwa su da sun fara girma ake koya musu waƙe da za su riƙa tuna kwana nawa ne a kowanne wata. Abin ba shi da wuya sosai a Ehiopia: wata 12 na farkon shekera duka suna da kwanaki 30, sai na 13 da ke yin kwana biyar ko shida, ya danganta da yanayi a shekarar.


Yadda ake duba lokaci shi ma na da bambanci - lokacin ana raba shi biyu ne, awa 12 da ke fara wa daga ƙarfe 6:00 wanda yake a matsayin maraice da kuma cikin dare, zuwa shidan safe.


2. Ita ce ƙasar Afrika tilo da ba a yi wa mulkin mallaka ba


Italiya ta so yi wa Ethiopia ko in ce Abyssinia kamar yadda ake kiranta a 1895 mulkin mallaka, lokacin da ƙasashen Turai ke ta hanƙoran kasafta ƙasashen nahiyar a tsakaninsu - sai dai mutanen Italiyan sun ƙare da jin kunyar gaza shiga kasar.


Italiya ta yi wa maƙociyar ƙasar Eritrea mulkin mallaka lokacin da wani kamfanin Italiyan ya sayi tashar jirgin ruwa da ke Assab.


Kuma an shiga ruɗani ne bayan mutuwar sarkin Habasha Yohannes IV a 1889 wanda ya ba su damar amfani da wani tudu da ke kusa da teku.


Shekaru kaɗan Italiya ta yi yunƙurin ƙara kutsawa Ethiopia, amma ta kwashi kashinta a hannu a yaƙin da aka kira da yaƙin Adwa. Cikin 'yan sa'o'i aka murƙushe wasu manyan kwamandojin Italiya a ranar 1 ga watan Maris din 1896 lokacin da mayaƙan sarki Menelik II suka afka musu.


An matsa wa Italiya ta sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya da za ta tabbatar da 'yancin kan Ethiopia - duk da dai bayan shekaru kusan goma Shugaba Benito Mussolini ya yi watsi da ita, ya kuma mamaye ƙasar na kusan shekara biyar. 


Ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka gajin Menelik, Sarki Haile Selassie ya ci gajiyar nasarar da ya samu a kan Italiya ta yadda ya ƙirƙiri ƙungiyar haɗin kan ƙasashen Afrika wadda a yanzu ake kiranta AU da ke da hedikwatarta a Addis Ababa babban birnin Ethiopia.


Lokacin ƙaddamar da ƙungiyar a 1963 Selassie ya ce "Yancin da muka samu ba shi da wata ma'ana har sai sauran ƙasashen Afrika sun samu 'yanci" lokacin da kuma mafi yawan ƙasashen nahiyar ba su samu 'yancin kai ba


3). Basarake Haile Selassie wanda masu bin addinin Rastafarian ke bauta masa. Wannan ya faro ne lokacin da wani jagoran fafutukar 'yancin baƙar fata Marcus Garvey, ya yi bayani a 1920, wanda shi ne jagoran wata tafiya da aka yi wa take da 'Mayar da baƙaƙen fata Afrika', inda ya ce "ku yi duba zuwa Afrika lokacin da za a naɗa wa wani sarki sarauta ranar 'yanci na kusa."


Shekara 10 baya, lokacin da wani matashin mai shekara 38 Ras Tafari aka naɗa shi a matsayin Haile Selassie I, da yawa a Jamaica na kallan wannan tafiya kamar ta annabta. A nan aka fara tafiyar Rastafari. Mawaƙin nan Bob Marley na ɗaya daga cikin mutanen da suka riƙa yaɗa sakon Rasta - a waƙoƙin sa.


Wannan fefen da Bob Marley ya yi, jaridar Time Magazine ta ayyana shi a matsayin fefen da ya fi ko wanne a ƙarni na 20. wanda ya nuna buƙatar Rasta ta mayar da mutanen Afrika gida. Waɗanda aka tilasta wa zuwa Turai lokacin mulkin mallaka.


A yau masu bin addinin Rastafara ƙalilan ne ke rayuwa a wani yankin Ethiopia da ake kira Shashamene, mai nisan kilomita 225 daga kudancin Addis Ababa, a wani lardi da Sarki Selassie ya bayar domin baƙaƙen fata da ke shirin dawowa daga ƙasashen yamma wanda ya goyi baya. Sarki Selassie wanda mabiyin addinin Kirista ne ba mabiyin addinin Rasta ba ne, ya kuma jaddada cewa shi ma zai mutu, amma har yau masu bin addinin Rasta na kallonsa a matsayin zakin Judah. Wannan wata hujja ce akan zargin cewa abin bauta ne shi, wanda mabiya Rastafara da kuma 'yan Ethiopia suka yi amannar cewa an yi bayaninsa a Injila Sarki Solomon.


4). Gidan akwatun alƙawari


A wajen da yawa daga cikin Ethiopia, akwai gidan wani akwati da suke da yaƙinin saƙon da za su yi amfani da shi yana ciki.


Cocin Katolika da ke Ethiopia ta ce wannan akwati na ƙarƙashin kulawa ta musamman a cocin Lady Mary inda ba a barin kowa ya shiga ya gan ta.


A al'adance cocin na da kayayyakin tarihin Sarauniya Sheba, wadda masu tarihi ke musanta samuwarta, amma dai ba 'yan Ethiopia ba ne da wannan aiki. Sun yi amannar cewa ta yi tafiya daga Aksum zuwa Birnin Ƙudus domin ta ziyarci Sarki Solomon da kuma ƙara sanin baiyar da yake da ita a shekara ta 950 kafin zuwan Annabi Isa. Labarin tafiyarta da haɗuwarsu da Solomon yana cikin Littafin Kebra Nagast - Littafin adabin Ethiopia da aka rubuta da yaren Ge'ez a ƙarni na 14. An bayyana yadda Sarki Makeda da Sarauniya Sheba suka haifi ɗa, Menelik - da kuma yadda bayan shekaru ya tafi Birnin Ƙudus domin haɗuwa da mahaifinsa. Solomon ya so ya zauna tare da shi ya ci gaba da mulki bayan mutuwarsa, amma daga baya ya yarje masa ya koma gida, ya kuma tattara masa labaran Isra'ilawa - wanda aka sace na ainihin aka sauya shi da na bogi.


5). Gidan Musulman farko da ke wajen yankin Larabawa.


"Idan kuka je Absyssinia, za ku tarar da wani sarki da baya goyon bayan rashin gaskiya," Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) ya gaya wa sahabbansa lokacin da aka matsa musu A Makka za su yi hijira a ƙarni na 7 inda yanzu ake kira Saudiyya. Wannan ya faru ne lokacin da Annabi ya fara kiraye-kirayen zuwa ga Musulunci, wanda shugabannin da ba Musulmai ba na lokacin ke masa kallon wata barazana. Bayan sun yi abin da ya ce, wasu daga cikin tsirarin Musulmai sun isa masarautar Aksum, wadda a baya ta haɗa da Ethiopia ta yau da Eritrea, inda aka karɓe su hannu bibiyu ƙarƙashin wani sarkin Kirista na masarautar Amhara - wanda ake kira Nejjashi da Larabci.


Inda Najjashi ya zauna nan ake kira Tigray a yau, nan ne waɗannan 'yan gudun hijirar suka zauna suka gina masallacin da ake ganin ya fi ko wanne daɗewa a nahiyar Afrika. A 2020 ne aka ruguza wannan masallaci lokacin da ake rikicin yankin Tigray.


Musulmai da yawa sun yi amannar an binne sahabbai da yawa a garin Nagesh. A tarihin Musulunci wannan tafiyar da sahabban suka yi zuwa Masarautar Aksum ita ce a matsayin hijirar farko a addinin.


A yau adadin Musulman da ke zaune a Ethiopia sun kai kashi 34 cikin 100 ko kuma sama da Musulmai miliyan 115 da ke zaune a ƙasar.

TURA WANNAN ZUWA GA

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